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Sources
Every source used in the entries, grouped by topic.
There are 32 entries in this list, 32 checked and 0 marked Source to be added. A source marked in this way is a gap that still needs filling. The text it would support should be read with caution.
Between-session work and practice
NHS. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).
Supports: Describes how CBT sessions involve breaking problems down and practising changes in daily life between sessions in NHS services (UK).
Supports: Publisher bibliographic record for the 1979 manual that codified structured cognitive therapy sessions and homework tasks.
Supports: Meta-analysis comparing cognitive and behavioural therapy conditions with and without homework assignments. Bibliographic record verified through Crossref.
Common factors and progress feedback
Supports: The 1936 paper introducing the common factors hypothesis across psychotherapies. Bibliographic record verified through Crossref.
Supports: Review of the common factors debate and methodological requirements for establishing causal mediators; the abstract notes that it remains unknown whether therapies work through common factors, specific factors, or both.
Supports: Multilevel meta-analysis of 58 studies (21,699 patients) reporting small positive effects of progress feedback on symptom reduction, not-on-track cases and dropout rates.
Contracting and boundaries
Supports: Historical 2018 framework: Contracting and recording agreements (point 31), foreseeable limits to confidentiality and serious-harm exceptions, boundaries and dual relationships (points 33 to 37).
Supports: The 2026 framework applies from 3 November 2026. Sections 1.2(b), 1.3 and 3.1(d) address the working agreement, boundaries and foreseeable confidentiality limits. Sections 2.4 and 3.3 address safeguarding and legal duties.
Professional Standards Authority. Our work with Accredited Registers.
Supports: That Accredited Registers hold registers of practitioners described as not regulated by law.
Supports: Standards 3.10, 4.02 and 10.01 address informed consent and discussion of foreseeable confidentiality limits for psychologists. This is a professional code, not a summary of state law.
Supports: Standards 1.03 (Informed Consent), 1.06 (Conflicts of Interest, including dual or multiple relationships) and 1.07 (Privacy and Confidentiality, including serious, foreseeable and imminent harm exceptions) for social workers in the US; this is a professional code rather than a summary of state statutes.
Endings
Supports: Historical 2018 framework: Session limits set at contracting, notice of planned endings and breaks, managing unplanned breaks, and arrangements if a practitioner is unable to continue (points 38 to 42).
Supports: The 2026 framework applies from 3 November 2026. Section 4.5 addresses session limits, advance notice of breaks and endings, unplanned interruptions and arrangements if a practitioner cannot contact clients.
Supports: That sessions can be one-to-one or in groups and in person, by video or phone, and that a person may be offered a different type of therapy if symptoms do not improve.
Supports: Standards 3.12 and 10.10 address interruption and termination by psychologists, including pretermination counselling and alternative providers where appropriate, subject to stated exceptions. This is a professional code, not a summary of state law.
Supports: The abstract of a qualitative synthesis of twelve papers reports themes of anticipation, service user control and responsibility; it does not establish outcomes or prescribe a universal ending.
Supports: Standard 1.17 (Termination of Services) addresses ending services when no longer required, avoiding abandonment, minimising adverse effects of withdrawal, and assisting with continuation arrangements for social workers in the US; this is a professional code rather than a summary of state statutes.
First session and assessment
NICE. Common mental health problems: identification and pathways to care (CG123).
Supports: Guidance on identification, assessment and stepped-care pathways for common mental health problems in adults in England and Wales.
Supports: Description of how NHS talking therapies begin with an assessment and how different formats or steps of care may be offered.
American Psychological Association. Understanding psychotherapy and how it works.
Supports: Public guidance on what to expect in initial psychotherapy appointments, discussing goals and asking questions in a US context.
Follow-up and relapse prevention
NICE. Depression in adults: treatment and management (NG222).
Supports: Recommendations on relapse prevention for adults at higher risk of relapse in England and Wales, including psychological interventions with an explicit relapse-prevention component and group MBCT.
Supports: Individual participant data meta-analysis of nine trials (1,258 adults) examining depressive relapse over 60 weeks, comparison groups and limitations.
Supports: Overview of Marlatt's cognitive-behavioural relapse prevention model, including the distinction between a lapse and a relapse and identification of high-risk situations.
Ruptures and repair
Supports: That alliance ruptures and their repair are a studied topic. Bibliographic record confirmed through Crossref; the full text was not read.
Supports: Withdrawal and confrontation categories and an expert-consensus study of responses to ruptures. The article reports expert judgements, not a trial establishing individual treatment effects.
Supports: The institutional abstract reports an association between rupture repair and outcomes across 11 studies. The abstract was read; the full article was not. Association does not establish causation.
Stages of change
Supports: The existence and date of the stages-of-change paper. Bibliographic record confirmed through Crossref; the full text was not read.
Supports: The five-stage presentation, uncertainty about the extra value of stage-matched smoking cessation support, and the caution against restricting quitting advice based on perceived readiness. The Cochrane summary and abstract were read; the latest search was August 2010. Findings are limited to smoking cessation.
Therapeutic alliance
Supports: The existence and date of Bordin's account of the working alliance. Bibliographic record confirmed through Crossref; the full text was not read.
Supports: That the alliance has been reviewed in relation to outcome in individual psychotherapy. Bibliographic record confirmed through Crossref; the full text was not read.
Supports: The existence and date of Rogers's account of conditions for change in therapy. Bibliographic record confirmed through Crossref; the full text was not read.
Supports: A review of alliance concepts, including Bordin’s three components and earlier psychoanalytic accounts, and 48 self-report measures in individual adult psychotherapy. The authors discuss limitations in the representation of patients’ and practitioners’ perspectives.
Educational draft · Subject review pending